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Bricks, Beads and Bones

 

Bricks, Beads and Bones

Subject - History
Class - 12

Harappan Civilization​

  • Sites famous for different crafts​

  • Agriculture practices​

  • Architecture​

  • Seals​

  • Dated between the period of c.2600 and 1900 BCE. ​


​







The Harappan Seal​

  • Most distinctive artefact. ​

  • Made of A Stone called steatite. ​

  • Often contains animal motifes.​

  •  Also contains Science from a script that remains undeciphered.​


What are archaeological evidences? ​

  • We know a great deal about the lives of the people.​

  •  This is so because of the things left behind them their houses, pots, ornaments tools and seals. ​

  • In other words these are archaeological evidences.​


Why archaeologist used the term culture in Harappan culture ? ​

  • It is named after Harappa the first site with this unique culture was discovered. ​

  • Indus valley civilization is also called the Harappan culture. ​

  • The term culture is used for a group of objects are distinctive in style that are usually found together within a specific geographical area and period of time.​

  •  The distinctive objects include Seals , weights ,stones ,blades and even Baked bricks. ​

  • These objects were found from areas as far apart as Afghanistan, Jammu , Baluchistan and Gujarat. ​


Why do you think there was a break between Early and Mature Harappan Civilisation? ​

  • We can see that there was a break between the Early and Mature Harappan Civilisation. ​
  • It is evident from large scale burning at some sites. ​
  • Also there was abandonment of certain settlements. ​

​

  Harappan ate a variety of plant and animal products. Explain.​

  • Harappans ate a wide range of plant and animal products including fish.​

  •  Archaeologists have been able to reconstruct dietary practices from finds of a charred grains and seeds. ​

  • Grains found at Harappan sites include wheat, Barley,lentil , chickpea and sesame.​

  •  Millets are found from sites in Gujarat. ​

  • Finds of rice are relative rare. ​

  • Animal bones found at Harappan sites include those of cattle ,sheep ,goat ,buffalo and and pig. Archaeo-zoologist claim these were domesticated. ​

  • Bones of wild species such as boar,  deer and gharial are also found. ​

  • Bones of fish and fowl are also found. ​


Who are archaeo- botanist, archaeo-zoologist/zoo-archaeologist? ​

  • Archaeo- botanist:-Specialist in ancient plant remains.​
  • Archaeo-zoologist/zoo-archaeologist:- Specialist in study historical animals. ​


How do we come to know that harappans practiced agriculture? ​

  • Representation on fields and Terracotta sculpture indicate that the bull was known. ​

  • Archaeologist extrapolate from this that oxen were used for Ploughing .​

  • Terracotta models of the plough have been found at sites in Cholistan and at Banawali Haryana. ​

  • Archaeologists have also found evidence of a Ploughed field at Kalibangan Rajasthan associated with early Harappan levels ​
  • the field had to sets Of furrows those at right angles to each other suggesting that the two different crops were grown together. ​

  •  Most Harappan site are located in semi arid lands very irrigation was probably required for agriculture. Traces of canal have been found at the Harappan site of Shortughai in Afghanistan and not in Punjab or Singh. It is likely that water drawn from wells are used for irrigation. Water reservoirs found in Dholavira Gujarat mein have been used to store water for agriculture. ​


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