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THE DOMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF THE INDIAN SOCIETY (part 1)

THE DOMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF THE INDIAN SOCIETY

SUBJECT- SOCIOLOGY
CLASS-XII
CHAPTER -1



EXPLAIN WHAT IS DEMOGRAPHY. ​


  • Demography is the systematic study of population. ​

  • The term is of Greek origin and is composed of the two word Demos -people and graphein -  describe implying the description of people. ​

  • Demography studies the Trends and processes associated with population including changes in population size patterns of birth death and migration and the structure and composition of the population such as the relative proportions of women men and different age groups ​

  • there are different varieties of demography including formal demography and social demography. ​

  • All demographic studies are based on process of Counting or enumeration. ​
  • Demography is the systematic study of population. ​

  • The term is of Greek origin and is composed of the two word Demos -people and graphein -  describe implying the description of people. ​

  • Demography studies the Trends and processes associated with population including changes in population size patterns of birth death and migration and the structure and composition of the population such as the relative proportions of women men and different age groups ​

  • there are different varieties of demography including formal demography and social demography. ​

  • All demographic studies are based on process of Counting or enumeration. ​

CENSUS​

  • It is a process that is systematic and regular collection of social statistics for quantitative data on various aspects of the population and economy. ​

  • The American Census of 1790 was probably the first modern census. ​

  • The process was soon taken up in your job as well in the early 1800.​

  • in India census began to be conducted by the British Indian government between 1860 72 and regular 10 nearly e census have been conducted since 1881.​

  •  The Indian census is the largest such exercise in the world since China which has a slightly larger population does not conduct regular census. ​

DEMOGRAPHY​


FORMAL DEMOGRAPHY​


  • Largely quantitative field​

  •  Concerned with the measurement add analysis of the component of population change. ​

  • Focuses on quantitative analysis.​

  •  It is a highly developed mathematical methodology suitable for forecasting population growth and changes in the composition of population. ​

SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHY​


  • Focuses on the social economic or political aspects of the population​

  • Enquiries into the the wider causes and consequences of population structure and change. ​

  • Social processes and structures regulate demographic processes.​

MALTHUSIAN THEORY OF POPULATION GROWTH​


  • Outlined in his essay on population 1798.  ​

  • Pessimistic one. ​

  • He argued that the human populations tend to grow at a much faster rate than the rate at which the means of human subsistence specially food can grow.​

THEREFORE HUMANITIES CONDEMNED TO LIVE IN POVERTY FOREVER BECAUSE THE GROWTH OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION WILL ALWAYS BE OVERTAKEN BY POPULATION GROWTH.​

GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION​


  • Population​


ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION​


  • Agricultural production​

REFUTATION OF THE THEORY​


  • Provided by the historical experience of European countries. ​

  • The pattern of population growth began to change in the latter half of the nineteenth century and by the end of the first quarter of the 20th century the changes were quite dramatic. ​

  • Malthus’s predictions were proved false because both food production and Standards of living continue to rise despite the Rapid growth of population . ​

  •  birth rates had declined and outbreaks of epidemics diseases were being controlled. ​

  •  Malthus was criticized by liberal and Marxist Scholars for certain that poverty was caused by population growth. The critics argue that problems like poverty and starvation were caused by the unequal distribution of economic resources rather than by population growth. And unjust social system allowed the well the unprivileged minority to live in luxury while the vast majority of the people were forced to live in poverty.​


THEORY OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION​


This suggests that population growth is linked to overall levels of economic development and that every society follows a typical pattern of development related population growth. It is been divided in three basic phases​

  • FIRST PHASE​
The first stages that of low population growth in a society that is underdeveloped and technological e backward. Growth rates are low because both the death rate and the birth rate of very high.​

  • SECOND PHASE​
Between these two stages is a star transitional stage of a movement from a backward to an advanced stage and this stage is characterized by very high rates of growth of population. ​

  • THIRD PHASE​
The third and the last stage is also one of the low growth in a developed society where both death rate and birth rate have been reduced considerably and the difference between them is a gain small.​


POPULATION EXPLOSION​


Death rates are brought down relatively quickly through advance methods of disease Control, public health and better nutrition ​


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